Why causal AI is becoming pharma’s next strategic differentiator — from target validation to clinical trials and real-world evidence. Visualizing the Ladder of Causation in Pharma: from seeing correlations, to doing interventions, to imagining counterfactuals — the foundation of causal AI in drug discovery. Introduction: The Limits of Correlation in Drug Discovery Drug discovery today generates unprecedented volumes of data. Omics, imaging, electronic health records, and real

Empowering Clinicians and General Populations with Actionable Insights Diabetes is one of the world’s fastest-growing health crises,...